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Institutional Framework

Many countries, including the world’s biggest emitters, have begun to set ambitious goals for net-zero CO2 emissions thanks to the Paris Agreement, which sets out a global framework to limit climate change and the more advanced agreement at the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK. 

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 Directive 2009/31/EC ‘geological storage of CO2’

 

 

The objective of the European Union (EU) with Directive 2009/31/EC ‘on geological storage of CO2’ of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 was to establish a legal framework for the environmentally safe geological storage of carbon dioxide as a contribution to combating climate change. In summary, the most important points of the Directive are:

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  • The Directive applies to geological storage of CO2 within the territory of the Member States, within their exclusive economic zones and on their continental shelf.

  • The Directive does not apply to geological storage of CO2 with a storage capacity of less than 100 kilotons.

  • The storage of CO2 in the water column or in a storage site with a storage complex extending beyond the territory, exclusive economic zones or continental shelf of the Member States shall not be permitted.

  • Selection and exploration of storage sites

  • A geological formation shall be selected as a storage site only if, under the proposed conditions of use, there is no significant risk of leakage, nor of any significant risk to the environment or health. The suitability of a geological formation for use as a storage site shall be assessed by characterization and assessment of the potential storage complex and the surrounding area in accordance with the criteria set out in Annex I to the Directive.

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      Source: europa.eu

EU PARLIAMENT

Figure 7:   EU Parliament.

 European Energy Roadmap for 2050

 

In its 2050 Energy Roadmap, the European Commission explores the challenges of achieving the EU's decarbonization target, while ensuring security of energy supply and competitiveness. The scenarios presented in the Energy Roadmap for 2050 explore routes towards decarbonization of the energy system. All scenarios involve significant changes, for example,

 

In short, the ten structural changes for the transformation of the energy system are:

1. Decarbonization is possible and may  be less costly than current policies                             

    in the long term .

2. Higher capital costs and lower fuel costs.

3. Electricity plays a greater role.

4. Electricity prices will rise until 2030 and then fall.

5. Household expenditures will rise.

6. You need to save energy throughout the system.

7. Significant increase in RES.

8. Carbon capture and storage will play a key role in transforming the system.

9. The share of nuclear energy is significant.

10. Increasing interaction between decentralized and centralized systems.

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Source: europa.eu

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